![]() Most children, children (78-95% Table 10) correctly identified disgust facial expressions. Did Ekman correctly manipulate disgust in the stories? Consider the types of disgust we reviewed and which types of disgust the past two stories represent. The two stories of disgust may present a confound. It is interesting to note that the recognition rates were higher for “He/she is looking at something he/she dislikes” compared to “He/she is looking at something which smells bad” (p. In their follow-up study (Ekman & Friesen, 1971), 77% and 89% of adult participants correctly identified disgust when presented with two other negative emotions (see Table 9). For the Fore tribe, some words were in Pidgin language, others in Fore language. Reproduced from “Pan-cultural Elements in Facial Displays of Emotion,” by P. Recognition Rates for Six Emotions Across Five Cultures A table showing cross-cultural rates of recognition for a variety of emotion words. Fore participants labeled the disgust-contempt expression as disgust or anger, while the Borneo participants labeled the expression as surprise or happiness! One has to wonder if the combination of disgust and contempt action units confounded the results. But the Fore and Borneo participants showed lower recognition rates than other countries (see Table 8). In fact, the recognition rates were higher than anger and similar to the rates for fear. The majority of participants from USA, Brazil, and Japan correctly identified disgust. Even though the expression was a combination of disgust and contempt, participants’ correct answer would be to select the label “disgust” from the list of words. In his first study (Ekman et al., 1969), Ekman and colleagues showed people facial expressions that were a combination of disgust and contempt. Disgust facial expression shown in Darwin’s (1872) The expression of the emotions in man and animals.Īcross several industrialized and isolated cultures, Ekman has found people universally recognize the disgust facial expression. Some of these action unit changes can be viewed here.Īction Unit Changes for Disgust Facial Expression A table showing theorists and their hypothesized action unit changes Theorist(s)ĭisgust facial expression shown in Darwin’s (1872) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. (1994a) has found that facial expressions vary depending in the type of disgust experienced. In general, researchers agree that the gape, retraction of upper lip, and nose wrinkle all represent disgust (Rozin et al., 2008). Darwin suggested four specific changes in facial muscles (see Table 7), while Ekman and Friesen (1978) emphasized three specific action units. Researchers disagree over the specific action units that change with the disgust facial expression. Facial Expressions of Disgust: Basic or Social Constructivist?
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